FETCH

Retrieves rows from a query using a cursor.

Synopsis

FETCH [ <forward_direction> { FROM | IN } ] <cursor_name>

where forward_direction can be empty or one of:

    NEXT
    FIRST
    ABSOLUTE <count>
    RELATIVE <count>
    <count>
    ALL
    FORWARD
    FORWARD <count>
    FORWARD ALL

Description

FETCH retrieves rows using a previously-created cursor.

Note You cannot FETCH from a PARALLEL RETRIEVE CURSOR, you must RETRIEVE the rows from it.

Note This page describes usage of cursors at the SQL command level. If you are trying to use cursors inside a PL/pgSQL function, the rules are different. See PL/pgSQL function.

A cursor has an associated position, which is used by FETCH. The cursor position can be before the first row of the query result, on any particular row of the result, or after the last row of the result. When created, a cursor is positioned before the first row. After fetching some rows, the cursor is positioned on the row most recently retrieved. If FETCH runs off the end of the available rows then the cursor is left positioned after the last row. FETCH ALL will always leave the cursor positioned after the last row.

The forms NEXT, FIRST, ABSOLUTE, RELATIVE fetch a single row after moving the cursor appropriately. If there is no such row, an empty result is returned, and the cursor is left positioned before the first row or after the last row as appropriate.

The forms using FORWARD retrieve the indicated number of rows moving in the forward direction, leaving the cursor positioned on the last-returned row (or after all rows, if the count exceeds the number of rows available). Note that it is not possible to move a cursor position backwards in LightDB-A Database, since scrollable cursors are not supported. You can only move a cursor forward in position using FETCH.

RELATIVE 0 and FORWARD 0 request fetching the current row without moving the cursor, that is, re-fetching the most recently fetched row. This will succeed unless the cursor is positioned before the first row or after the last row, in which case no row is returned.

Outputs

On successful completion, a FETCH command returns a command tag of the form

FETCH <count>

The count is the number of rows fetched (possibly zero). Note that in psql, the command tag will not actually be displayed, since psql displays the fetched rows instead.

Parameters

forward_direction : Defines the fetch direction and number of rows to fetch. Only forward fetches are allowed in LightDB-A Database. It can be one of the following:

NEXT : Fetch the next row. This is the default if direction is omitted.

FIRST : Fetch the first row of the query (same as ABSOLUTE 1). Only allowed if it is the first FETCH operation using this cursor.

ABSOLUTE count : Fetch the specified row of the query. Position after last row if count is out of range. Only allowed if the row specified by count moves the cursor position forward.

RELATIVE count : Fetch the specified row of the query count rows ahead of the current cursor position. RELATIVE 0 re-fetches the current row, if any. Only allowed if count moves the cursor position forward.

count : Fetch the next count number of rows (same as FORWARD count).

ALL : Fetch all remaining rows (same as FORWARD ALL).

FORWARD : Fetch the next row (same as NEXT).

FORWARD count : Fetch the next count number of rows. FORWARD 0 re-fetches the current row.

FORWARD ALL : Fetch all remaining rows.

cursor_name : The name of an open cursor.

Notes

LightDB-A Database does not support scrollable cursors, so you can only use FETCH to move the cursor position forward.

ABSOLUTE fetches are not any faster than navigating to the desired row with a relative move: the underlying implementation must traverse all the intermediate rows anyway.

DECLARE is used to define a cursor. Use MOVE to change cursor position without retrieving data.

Examples

– Start the transaction:

BEGIN;

– Set up a cursor:

DECLARE mycursor CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM films;

– Fetch the first 5 rows in the cursor mycursor:

FETCH FORWARD 5 FROM mycursor;
 code  |          title          | did | date_prod  |   kind   |  len
-------+-------------------------+-----+------------+----------+-------
 BL101 | The Third Man           | 101 | 1949-12-23 | Drama    | 01:44
 BL102 | The African Queen       | 101 | 1951-08-11 | Romantic | 01:43
 JL201 | Une Femme est une Femme | 102 | 1961-03-12 | Romantic | 01:25
 P_301 | Vertigo                 | 103 | 1958-11-14 | Action   | 02:08
 P_302 | Becket                  | 103 | 1964-02-03 | Drama    | 02:28

– Close the cursor and end the transaction:

CLOSE mycursor;
COMMIT;

Change the kind column of the table films in the row at the c_films cursor’s current position:

UPDATE films SET kind = 'Dramatic' WHERE CURRENT OF c_films;

Compatibility

SQL standard allows cursors only in embedded SQL and in modules. LightDB-A Database permits cursors to be used interactively.

The variant of FETCH described here returns the data as if it were a SELECT result rather than placing it in host variables. Other than this point, FETCH is fully upward-compatible with the SQL standard.

The FETCH forms involving FORWARD, as well as the forms FETCH count and FETCH ALL, in which FORWARD is implicit, are LightDB-A Database extensions. BACKWARD is not supported.

The SQL standard allows only FROM preceding the cursor name; the option to use IN, or to leave them out altogether, is an extension.