CREATE SEQUENCE

Defines a new sequence generator.

Synopsis

CREATE [TEMPORARY | TEMP] SEQUENCE <name>
       [INCREMENT [BY] <value>] 
       [MINVALUE <minvalue> | NO MINVALUE] 
       [MAXVALUE <maxvalue> | NO MAXVALUE] 
       [START [ WITH ] <start>] 
       [CACHE <cache>] 
       [[NO] CYCLE] 
       [OWNED BY { <table>.<column> | NONE }]
       [ NOORDER ]
       [ ORDER ]
       [ NOCACHE ]
       [ NOCYCLE ]

Description

CREATE SEQUENCE creates a new sequence number generator. This involves creating and initializing a new special single-row table. The generator will be owned by the user issuing the command.

If a schema name is given, then the sequence is created in the specified schema. Otherwise it is created in the current schema. Temporary sequences exist in a special schema, so a schema name may not be given when creating a temporary sequence. The sequence name must be distinct from the name of any other sequence, table, index, view, or foreign table in the same schema.

After a sequence is created, you use the nextval() function to operate on the sequence. For example, to insert a row into a table that gets the next value of a sequence:

INSERT INTO distributors VALUES (nextval('myserial'), 'acme');

You can also use the function setval() to operate on a sequence, but only for queries that do not operate on distributed data. For example, the following query is allowed because it resets the sequence counter value for the sequence generator process on the coordinator:

SELECT setval('myserial', 201);

But the following query will be rejected in LightDB-A Database because it operates on distributed data:

INSERT INTO product VALUES (setval('myserial', 201), 'gizmo');

In a regular (non-distributed) database, functions that operate on the sequence go to the local sequence table to get values as they are needed. In LightDB-A Database, however, keep in mind that each segment is its own distinct database process. Therefore the segments need a single point of truth to go for sequence values so that all segments get incremented correctly and the sequence moves forward in the right order. A sequence server process runs on the coordinator and is the point-of-truth for a sequence in a LightDB-A distributed database. Segments get sequence values at runtime from the coordinator.

Because of this distributed sequence design, there are some limitations on the functions that operate on a sequence in LightDB-A Database:

  • lastval() and currval() functions are not supported.
  • setval() can only be used to set the value of the sequence generator on the coordinator, it cannot be used in subqueries to update records on distributed table data.
  • nextval() sometimes grabs a block of values from the coordinator for a segment to use, depending on the query. So values may sometimes be skipped in the sequence if all of the block turns out not to be needed at the segment level. Note that a regular PostgreSQL database does this too, so this is not something unique to LightDB-A Database.

Although you cannot update a sequence directly, you can use a query like:

SELECT * FROM <sequence_name>;

to examine the parameters and current state of a sequence. In particular, the last_value field of the sequence shows the last value allocated by any session.

Parameters

TEMPORARY | TEMP : If specified, the sequence object is created only for this session, and is automatically dropped on session exit. Existing permanent sequences with the same name are not visible (in this session) while the temporary sequence exists, unless they are referenced with schema-qualified names.

name : The name (optionally schema-qualified) of the sequence to be created.

increment : Specifies which value is added to the current sequence value to create a new value. A positive value will make an ascending sequence, a negative one a descending sequence. The default value is 1.

minvalue NO MINVALUE : Determines the minimum value a sequence can generate. If this clause is not supplied or NO MINVALUE is specified, then defaults will be used. The defaults are 1 and -263-1 for ascending and descending sequences, respectively.

maxvalue NO MAXVALUE : Determines the maximum value for the sequence. If this clause is not supplied or NO MAXVALUE is specified, then default values will be used. The defaults are 263-1 and -1 for ascending and descending sequences, respectively. If the value of maxvalue is greater than INT64_MAX(9223372036854775807), set maxvalue to the maximum value corresponding to the sequence type.

start : Allows the sequence to begin anywhere. The default starting value is minvalue for ascending sequences and maxvalue for descending ones.

cache : Specifies how many sequence numbers are to be preallocated and stored in memory for faster access. The default value is 20. The minimum value is 1 (no cache). : > Note When operating with a cache of sequence numbers (cache > 1), LightDB-A Database may discard some cached sequence values. If you require consecutive values, you must explicitly set CACHE 1 when you create or alter the sequence.

CYCLE NO CYCLE : Allows the sequence to wrap around when the maxvalue (for ascending) or minvalue (for descending) has been reached. If the limit is reached, the next number generated will be the minvalue (for ascending) or maxvalue (for descending). If NO CYCLE is specified, any calls to nextval() after the sequence has reached its maximum value will return an error. If not specified, NO CYCLE is the default.

OWNED BY table.column OWNED BY NONE : Causes the sequence to be associated with a specific table column, such that if that column (or its whole table) is dropped, the sequence will be automatically dropped as well. The specified table must have the same owner and be in the same schema as the sequence. OWNED BY NONE, the default, specifies that there is no such association.

NOORDER ORDER NOCACHE NOCYCLE : The CREATE SEQUENCE statement supports the NOORDER/ORDER/NOCACHE/NOCYCLE keywords, which are intended to fit the syntax of Oracle databases. In the LightDB-A implementation, these keywords are just syntactic sugar.

Notes

Sequences are based on bigint arithmetic, so the range cannot exceed the range of an eight-byte integer (-9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807).

Although multiple sessions are guaranteed to allocate distinct sequence values, the values may be generated out of sequence when all the sessions are considered. For example, session A might reserve values 1..10 and return nextval=1, then session B might reserve values 11..20 and return nextval=11 before session A has generated nextval=2. Thus, you should only assume that the nextval() values are all distinct, not that they are generated purely sequentially. Also, last_value will reflect the latest value reserved by any session, whether or not it has yet been returned by nextval().

Examples

Create a sequence named myseq:

CREATE SEQUENCE myseq START 101;

Insert a row into a table that gets the next value of the sequence named idseq:

INSERT INTO distributors VALUES (nextval('idseq'), 'acme');

Reset the sequence counter value on the coordinator:

SELECT setval('myseq', 201);

Illegal use of setval() in LightDB-A Database (setting sequence values on distributed data):

INSERT INTO product VALUES (setval('myseq', 201), 'gizmo');

Compatibility

CREATE SEQUENCE conforms to the SQL standard, with the following exceptions:

  • The AS data\_type expression specified in the SQL standard is not supported.
  • Obtaining the next value is done using the nextval() function instead of the NEXT VALUE FOR expression specified in the SQL standard.
  • The OWNED BY clause is a LightDB-A Database extension.

See Also

ALTER SEQUENCE, DROP SEQUENCE

Parent topic: SQL Commands