LightDB includes two implementations of DataSource, as shown in Table 11.2, "DataSource Implementations". One that does pooling and the other that does not. The pooling implementation does not actually close connections when the client calls the close method, but instead returns the connections to a pool of available connections for other clients to use. This avoids any overhead of repeatedly opening and closing connections, and allows a large number of clients to share a small number of database connections.

The pooling data-source implementation provided here is not the most feature-rich in the world. Among other things, connections are never closed until the pool itself is closed; there is no way to shrink the pool. As well, connections requested for users other than the default configured user are not pooled. Its error handling sometimes cannot remove a broken connection from the pool. In general it is not recommended to use the LightDB provided connection pool. Check your application server or check out the excellent jakarta commons DBCP project.

Table 11.2. DataSource Implementations

Pooling	Implementation Class
No	`org.postgresql.ds.PGSimpleDataSource</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Yes</td> <td>`org.postgresql.ds.PGPoolingDataSource

Both implementations use the same configuration scheme. JDBC requires that a DataSource be configured via JavaBean properties, shown in Table 11.3, "DataSource Configuration Properties", so there are get and set methods for each of these properties.

Table 11.3. DataSource Configuration Properties

Property	Type	Description
serverName	STRING	LightDB database server host name
databaseName	STRING	LightDB database name
portNumber	INT	TCP port which the LightDB database server is listening on (or 0 to use the default port)
user	STRING	User used to make database connections
password	STRING	Password used to make database connections
ssl	BOOLEAN	If true, use SSL encrypted connections (default false)
sslfactory	STRING	Custom javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory class name (see the section called "Custom SSLSocketFactory")

The pooling implementation requires some additional configuration properties, which are shown in Table 11.4, "Additional Pooling DataSource Configuration Properties.

Table 11.4. Additional Pooling DataSource Configuration Properties

Property	Type	Description
dataSourceName	STRING	Every pooling DataSource must have a unique name.
initialConnections	INT	The number of database connections to be created when the pool is initialized.
maxConnections	INT	The maximum number of open database connections to allow. When more connections are requested, the caller will hang until a connection is returned to the pool.

Example 11.1, "DataSource Code Example" shows an example of typical application code using a pooling DataSource.

Example 11.1. DataSource Code Example

Code to initialize a pooling DataSource might look like this:

PGPoolingDataSource source = new PGPoolingDataSource();
source.setDataSourceName("A Data Source");
source.setServerNames(new String[] {"localhost"});
source.setDatabaseName("test");
source.setUser("testuser");
source.setPassword("testpassword");
source.setMaxConnections(10);

note: setServerName has been deprecated in favour of setServerNames. This was done to support multiple hosts.

Then code to use a connection from the pool might look like this. Note that it is critical that the connections are eventually closed. Else the pool will "leak" connections and will eventually lock all the clients out.

try (Connection conn = source.getConnection())
{
    // use connection
}
catch (SQLException e)
{
    // log error
}