这里有一个用 C 编写的触发器函数的非常简单的例子(用过程语言编写的触发器的例子可以在过程语言的文档中找到)。
如果该命令试图向列x
中插入一个空值,函数trigf
报告表ttest
中的行数并且跳过实际的操作(这样该触发器会作为一个非空约束但不会中止事务)。
首先,表定义:
CREATE TABLE ttest ( x integer );
这是该触发器函数的源代码:
#include "lightdb.h" #include "fmgr.h" #include "executor/spi.h" /* this is what you need to work with SPI */ #include "commands/trigger.h" /* ... triggers ... */ #include "utils/rel.h" /* ... and relations */ PG_MODULE_MAGIC; PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(trigf); Datum trigf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo) { TriggerData *trigdata = (TriggerData *) fcinfo->context; TupleDesc tupdesc; HeapTuple rettuple; char *when; bool checknull = false; bool isnull; int ret, i; /* make sure it's called as a trigger at all */ if (!CALLED_AS_TRIGGER(fcinfo)) elog(ERROR, "trigf: not called by trigger manager"); /* tuple to return to executor */ if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_UPDATE(trigdata->tg_event)) rettuple = trigdata->tg_newtuple; else rettuple = trigdata->tg_trigtuple; /* check for null values */ if (!TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_DELETE(trigdata->tg_event) && TRIGGER_FIRED_BEFORE(trigdata->tg_event)) checknull = true; if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BEFORE(trigdata->tg_event)) when = "before"; else when = "after "; tupdesc = trigdata->tg_relation->rd_att; /* connect to SPI manager */ if ((ret = SPI_connect()) < 0) elog(ERROR, "trigf (fired %s): SPI_connect returned %d", when, ret); /* get number of rows in table */ ret = SPI_exec("SELECT count(*) FROM ttest", 0); if (ret < 0) elog(ERROR, "trigf (fired %s): SPI_exec returned %d", when, ret); /* count(*) returns int8, so be careful to convert */ i = DatumGetInt64(SPI_getbinval(SPI_tuptable->vals[0], SPI_tuptable->tupdesc, 1, &isnull)); elog (INFO, "trigf (fired %s): there are %d rows in ttest", when, i); SPI_finish(); if (checknull) { SPI_getbinval(rettuple, tupdesc, 1, &isnull); if (isnull) rettuple = NULL; } return PointerGetDatum(rettuple); }
在你编译了该源代码(见Section 38.10.5)之后,声明该函数和触发器:
CREATE FUNCTION trigf() RETURNS trigger
AS 'filename
'
LANGUAGE C;
CREATE TRIGGER tbefore BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON ttest
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION trigf();
CREATE TRIGGER tafter AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON ttest
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION trigf();
现在你可以测试该触发器的操作:
=> INSERT INTO ttest VALUES (NULL); INFO: trigf (fired before): there are 0 rows in ttest INSERT 0 0 -- Insertion skipped and AFTER trigger is not fired => SELECT * FROM ttest; x --- (0 rows) => INSERT INTO ttest VALUES (1); INFO: trigf (fired before): there are 0 rows in ttest INFO: trigf (fired after ): there are 1 rows in ttest ^^^^^^^^ remember what we said about visibility. INSERT 167793 1 vac=> SELECT * FROM ttest; x --- 1 (1 row) => INSERT INTO ttest SELECT x * 2 FROM ttest; INFO: trigf (fired before): there are 1 rows in ttest INFO: trigf (fired after ): there are 2 rows in ttest ^^^^^^ remember what we said about visibility. INSERT 167794 1 => SELECT * FROM ttest; x --- 1 2 (2 rows) => UPDATE ttest SET x = NULL WHERE x = 2; INFO: trigf (fired before): there are 2 rows in ttest UPDATE 0 => UPDATE ttest SET x = 4 WHERE x = 2; INFO: trigf (fired before): there are 2 rows in ttest INFO: trigf (fired after ): there are 2 rows in ttest UPDATE 1 vac=> SELECT * FROM ttest; x --- 1 4 (2 rows) => DELETE FROM ttest; INFO: trigf (fired before): there are 2 rows in ttest INFO: trigf (fired before): there are 1 rows in ttest INFO: trigf (fired after ): there are 0 rows in ttest INFO: trigf (fired after ): there are 0 rows in ttest ^^^^^^ remember what we said about visibility. DELETE 2 => SELECT * FROM ttest; x --- (0 rows)
在src/test/regress/regress.c
中有更多复杂的例子。